Introduction to pulp varieties and industrial chain

Definition and classification of pulp

Paper pulp is a fibrous substance made from plant fiber as raw material through different processing methods. It is the basic raw material for papermaking. Cellulose (C6H10O5)n and hemicellulose are the basic ingredients required for pulping.

Pulp can be divided into primary pulp (wood pulp, non-wood pulp) and recycled pulp (waste pulp) according to different raw materials: 1. Paper pulp made from wood as raw material is wood pulp; Paper pulp made from non-wood fibers such as bamboo, grass, cotton and linen The pulp made from raw materials is non-wood pulp; 3. The pulp made from recycled waste paper or printing factory scraps as raw materials and after secondary treatment is waste paper pulp.

Among them, wood pulp can be divided into coniferous wood pulp and hardwood pulp according to wood species; according to the production process, it can be divided into chemical pulp, mechanical pulp and chemical-mechanical pulp; according to the degree of bleaching, it can be divided into unbleached pulp (natural pulp), semi- Bleached pulp and bleached pulp.

Pulp industry chain

The papermaking industry has the characteristics of long industrial chain, extensive demand and heavy asset model. The papermaking industry chain can be roughly divided into four major parts: raw materials, pulping, papermaking and terminal paper.

Uses of wood pulp

There are many downstream subdivisions of pulp, which can be widely used in papermaking, man-made fibers, plastics, chemicals and other fields.

1. Due to its high paper strength, resistance to folding and breakage, wood pulp is mainly used to produce offset paper, coated paper, household paper and white cardboard;

2. The proportion of non-wood pulp used is small and it is mainly used to produce household paper;

3. Waste paper pulp is mainly used to produce packaging paper such as boxboards and corrugated paper because its fibers are corroded by chemical liquids or mechanically damaged again, and the fiber properties deteriorate.

Introduction to finished paper categories

1. Cultural paper: printing and writing paper used to spread cultural knowledge, which mainly includes uncoated printing paper and coated printing paper. Uncoated printing paper mainly includes offset paper, writing paper, light paper, newsprint, etc., while coated printing paper mainly includes lightweight coated paper and coated paper. Generally used in newspapers, magazines, textbooks, etc.

2. Tissue paper: Paper used for daily hygiene in people's lives, including two categories: household paper and sanitary products. Such as all kinds of toilet paper, facial tissue, napkins, wet wipes, kitchen towels, etc.

3. Packaging paper: Paper used for packaging purposes, mainly including corrugated paper, boxboard paper, white board paper and white cardboard, etc. It is generally used for the outer packaging of products in home appliances, daily chemicals, food and beverages, cigarettes, medical and other industries.

4. Special paper: A type of paper specially manufactured for certain special properties, with low output but high technical content. Terminal applications are extremely scattered and are widely used in food, textile, construction, agriculture, medicine, cigarettes, daily chemicals, chemical industry, military industry and other industries.

Wood pulp is mostly used in the manufacture of cultural paper (40%) and household paper (30%). Cultural paper, packaging paper and special paper are called industrial paper because they need to be processed again, while household paper is non-industrial paper. , the consumption attribute is more important.

Pulp raw materials and international classification

1. Raw materials of wood pulp

Wood pulp is made from wood. The main product of wood, logs, is often transported to sawmills to make building materials and other products, while the by-product of wood, wood chips, is the raw material for pulp (about half of global wood is used for energy production, and 40% is made of wood). Logs, 10% used for pulping). Generally speaking, by-products of logs, wood not suitable for processing logs, dead or diseased or insect-infested wood, waste wood, and plantation forests specifically used for pulping can often be used as raw materials for wood pulp.

2. Market mainstream wood pulp

The two mainstream wood pulps currently on the market are bleached kraft softwood pulp (BSKP) and bleached kraft hardwood pulp (bleached broadleaf pulp).

Hardwood has more impurities and lower lignin content than softwood. Therefore, the toughness and stretchability of paper made from softwood pulp is often higher than that of hardwood pulp. A certain proportion of needles will also be maintained during the use of wood pulp. Leaf pulp is used to ensure paper toughness, and softwood pulp is often more expensive than broadleaf pulp.

3. International Bleached Chemical Pulp Classification

Internationally, bleached chemical pulp is often divided into five categories based on different raw materials and production areas: northern bleached softwood kraft pulp (NBSK), northern bleached hardwood kraft pulp (NBHK), and southern bleached softwood kraft pulp. wood pulp (SBSK), southern bleached hardwood kraft pulp (SBHK) and bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEK).

Northern bleached softwood kraft pulp (NBSK) is mainly produced in Canada (wide variety, distributed in six forest regions), Northern Europe (pine, spruce) and Russia (red pine, white pine and larch).

Northern bleached hardwood kraft pulp (NBHK) is mainly produced in North America, Northern Europe and Russia. Northern hardwoods mainly include birch, maple, beech, poplar, etc. NBHK is mostly mixed hardwood pulp, and the various types of hardwood vary greatly.

Southern bleached softwood kraft pulp (SBSK) is mainly produced in the southern states of the United States. The main raw materials include hardwood pine, longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, loblolly pine and Virginia pine. The bleached needle pulp of Guangxi Phoenix Paper in my country is made of Masson pine, and the bleached needle pulp of Yunnan Yunjinglin Paper is supported by Simao pine, both of which belong to SBSK.

Southern bleached hardwood kraft pulp (SBHK) is produced in the United States, Indonesia and other places. There are many types of southern hardwood, most of which are not suitable for mechanical pulping and can be suitable for chemical pulping.

Bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEK) belongs to a type of SBHK. Since most eucalyptus trees are planted alone in large areas, it is divided into a separate category. There are many types of eucalyptus, and their quality varies greatly. Brazilian BEK is an ideal raw material for manufacturing household paper.

Main brands of pulp

1.Bleaching needle pulp brand

The common bleached needle pulp brands in my country are mainly imported from Canada, the United States, Chile, Russia and Finland. The domestic bleached needle pulp brand is mainly the Sanzhen brand produced by Yunjinglin Paper in Yunnan.

According to the domestic name, it can be divided into Class I, II and III pulp.

Type I pulp: such as Canada's Northwood and Golden Lion brands, which are mainly produced in the northern forests of Canada. They have slender fibers and high paper strength.

Category II pulp: such as Canada's Kellip, Moon, and Continental brands, and Finland's UPM brand. They are both northern bleached needle pulps, and their quality is slightly worse than Category I pulp.

Category III pulp: Brands such as Chilean Silver Star, American IP, and Russian Needle are slightly worse in quality than Category II pulp.

2. Bleaching pulp brand

Common bleaching pulp brands in my country are mainly imported from Brazil, Indonesia and Chile. Domestic bleaching pulp brands are mainly the leading brand produced by Hainan Jinhai, the Senbo brand produced by Shandong Asia Pacific Senbo and the Chenming brand produced by Zhanjiang Chenming.

According to tree species, it can be divided into categories such as bleached eucalyptus pulp, bleached acacia pulp, poplar, birch, and maple pulp.

Bleached eucalyptus pulp (BEKP): Mainly produced in Brazil, Chile and Europe in South America. Due to large geographical and climate differences, the quality and price of various products are also different. Among them, the quality of bleached eucalyptus pulp in Brazil is the best. , is an ideal raw material for the production of household paper.

Bleached acacia pulp: Mainly produced in Indonesia and North America in Southeast Asia. Indonesia's bleached acacia pulp brand has fast production, stable quality, high light scattering coefficient and good opacity, and has a high proportion of domestic imports.

Pulp species such as poplar, birch and maple: produced in many places such as North America, Russia and Europe, have different characteristics and limited output.

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Attn:Alistar Zhai

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